Getting to Know About Oil Drilling Equipment Earth

Drilling rigs (Drilling Rig) is a building with equipment to drill into underground reservoirs for water, oil, or gas, or mineral deposits underground. Drilling rig could be on land (onshore) or at sea / offshore (off shore) depending on the needs of its user. Although the offshore rig can drill down to the bottom of the sea to search for minerals, technology and economics of underwater mines can not be done commercially. Therefore, the term "rig" refers to a collection of tools used to carry out drilling on the surface of the Earth's crust to sample the oil, water, or mineral.

Rigs drilling for oil and natural gas can be used not only to identify the geological characteristics of the reservoir, but also to create a hole that allows the retrieval content of oil or gas from the reservoir.

Drilling rig can be sized:

• Small and easily moved, such as those used in drilling for mineral exploration.
• Large, capable of drilling up to thousands of meters into the Earth's crust. Slurry pumps are used for circulating drilling mud through the drill bit and the casing (sheath), to cool simultaneously take "section of land cut off" for wells drilled.

Pulley rig can lift hundreds of tons of pipes. Other equipment can encourage acid or sand into the reservoir to take samples and mineral oils; accommodation for the crew that could number in the hundreds. Offshore rig can operate hundreds to thousands of kilometers from the coast.

RIG drilling generally can be divided into several types according regions:

Rig Land

For drilling on land. The simplest form, consists of towers and support structures.

Rig Swamp

Commonly known as "Swamp Barge". For completeness RIG drilling tool together with the land, only the tower and drilling system placed on a pontoon. This pontoon would sit at the bottom of the swamp while drilling operations take place. Ordinary operating in waters with a depth of about 5 M.

Jack Up Rig

One unit of drilling tools with long legs. The legs can be up and down to support the main structure. RIG this type are commonly used in areas with a depth of about 100 F or less.

Tender Rig

Drilling system mounted on the platform. Tender RIG used to assist drilling operations (removal of the pipe, the underlying structures, etc.). Tender RIG will be attached to the platform when drilling operations are in progress.

Semi Submersible Rig

As the name implies, is an object floating semisub Rig mounted drilling tools. Usually used to drill in the sea area (more than 100 M).

 

Drill Ship

All drilling equipment to be installed on the ship. Used to drill very deep sea.

Rig components can be classified into five major parts:

• Hoisting system: The main function of lowering and raising the tubular (pipe drilling, completion equipment or pipe production) in and out of the wellbore. Tower rig (mast or derrick) is included in this system.

• Rotary system: serves to rotate the pipes in the well. In the conventional drilling, drilling pipe (drill strings) play eye-drilling (drill bits) to dig wells.

• Circulation system: to circulate the drilling fluid out of the well and keep the mud properties as desired. The system includes (1) a high pressure pump to pump the mud out of the wells and the low pressure pump to circulate on the surface, (2) equipment for conditioning sludge: shale shaker serves to separate the solid results of drilling (cutting) of sludge; deSander to separate the sand; degasser to remove the gas, desilter to separate solid particles of small size, and so on.

• Blowout prevention system: equipment to prevent blowout (the explosion of wells on the surface due to the high pressure of the well). The main one is the BOP (Blow Out Preventer) composed of various valves (valve) and installed at the wellhead (wellhead).

• Power system: the source of energy to move all of the above systems and also for power supply. As a power source, typically used large capacity diesel engines.